runtime: replace index and contains with bytealg calls

The runtime has its own implementation of string indexing. To reduce
code duplication and cognitive load, replace this with calls to the
internal/bytealg package. We can't do this on Plan 9 because it needs
string indexing in a note handler (which isn't allowed to use the
optimized bytealg version because it uses SSE), so we can't just
eliminate the index function, but this CL does down-scope it so make
it clear it's only for note handlers on Plan 9.

Change-Id: Ie1a142678262048515c481e8c26313b80c5875df
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/244537


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>