cmd/compile: fix ICE due to bad rune width

It was possible that

    var X interface{} = 'x'

could cause a compilation failure due to having not calculated rune's
width yet. typecheck.go normally calculates the width of things, but
it doesn't for implicit conversions to default type. We already
compute the width of all of the standard numeric types in universe.go,
but we failed to calculate it for the rune alias type. So we could
later crash if the code never otherwise explicitly mentioned 'rune'.

While here, explicitly compute widths for 'byte' and 'error' for
consistency.

Fixes #29350.

Change-Id: Ifedd4899527c983ee5258dcf75aaf635b6f812f8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/155380


Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>