runtime: ensure thread handle is valid in profileloop1

On Windows, there is currently a race between unminit closing the
thread's handle and profileloop1 suspending the thread using its
handle. If another handle reuses the same handle value, this can lead
to unpredictable results.

To fix this, we protect the thread handle with a lock and duplicate it
under this lock in profileloop1 before using it.

This is going to become a much bigger problem with non-cooperative
preemption (#10958, #24543), which uses the same basic mechanism as
profileloop1.

Change-Id: I9d62b83051df8c03f3363344438e37781a69ce16
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/207779


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Brainman <alex.brainman@gmail.com>