net: increase maximum accepted DNS packet to 1232 bytes

The existing value of 512 bytes as is specified by RFC 1035.
However, the WSL resolver reportedly sends larger packets without
setting the truncation bit, which breaks using the Go resolver.
For 1.18 and backports, just increase the accepted packet size.
This is what GNU glibc does (they use 65536 bytes).

For 1.19 we plan to use EDNS to set the accepted packet size.
That will give us more time to test whether that causes any problems.

No test because I'm not sure how to write one and it wouldn't really
be useful anyhow.

Fixes #6464
Fixes #21160
Fixes #44135
Fixes #51127
For #51153

Change-Id: I0243f274a06e010ebb714e138a65386086aecf17
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/386015


Trust: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>