runtime: replace division by span element size by multiply and shifts

Divisions are generally slow. The compiler can optimize a division
to use a sequence of faster multiplies and shifts (magic constants)
if the divisor is not know at compile time.

The value of the span element size in mcentral.grow is not known at
compile time but magic constants to compute n / span.elementsize
are already stored in class_to_divmagic and mspan.
They however need to be adjusted to work for
(0 <= n <= span.npages * pagesize) instead of
(0 <= n <  span.npages * pagesize).

Change-Id: Ieea59f1c94525a88d012f2557d43691967900deb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/148057


Run-TryBot: Martin Möhrmann <moehrmann@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>