test: add test case that caused a gofrontend compiler crash

For #47131

Change-Id: Ie2d5a2bd3dceec607544c43e6dc68bd5ea353091
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/335172


Trust: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>