runtime/race: test that close synchronizes with read

Add a test to ensure that the race detector sees that closing a
channel synchronizes with a read from that channel.
This test case failed when CL 181543 was in the tree.
CL 181543 was reverted in CL 216158; this adds a test to make
sure that we don't re-introduce the problem at a later date.

For #32529
For #36714

Change-Id: I5a40f744c67c3f8191d6ad822710c180880a7375
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/216099


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>