runtime/internal/atomic: add early nil check on ARM

If nil, fault before taking the lock or calling into the kernel.

Change-Id: I013d78a5f9233c2a9197660025f679940655d384
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/93636


Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>