internal/goexperiment,cmd: consolidate GOEXPERIMENTs into a new package

Currently there's knowledge about the list of GOEXPERIMENTs in a few
different places. This CL introduces a new package and consolidates
the list into one place: the internal/goexperiment.Flags struct type.

This package gives us a central place to document the experiments as
well as the GOEXPERIMENT environment variable itself. It will also
give us a place to put built-time constants derived from the enabled
experiments.

Now the objabi package constructs experiment names by reflecting over
this struct type rather than having a separate list of these names
(this is similar to how the compiler handles command-line flags and
debug options). We also expose a better-typed API to the toolchain for
propagating enabled experiments.

Change-Id: I06e026712b59fe2bd7cd11a869aedb48ffe5a4b7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/307817


Trust: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>