cmd/compile: check frame offsets against abi

this is in preparation for turning off calculation of frame offsets
in types.CalcSize

For #40724.

Change-Id: I2c29fd289c014674076e5ec5170055dbca5ea64b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/293392


Trust: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Run-TryBot: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeremy Faller <jeremy@golang.org>