runtime: use conservative scanning for debug calls

A debugger can inject a call at almost any PC, which causes
significant complications with stack scanning and growth. Currently,
the runtime solves this using precise stack maps and register maps at
nearly all PCs, but these extra maps require roughly 5% of the binary.
These extra maps were originally considered worth this space because
they were intended to be used for non-cooperative preemption, but are
now used only for debug call injection.

This CL switches from using precise maps to instead using conservative
frame scanning, much like how non-cooperative preemption works. When a
call is injected, the runtime flushes all potential pointer registers
to the stack, and then treats that frame as well as the interrupted
frame conservatively.

The limitation of conservative frame scanning is that we cannot grow
the goroutine stack. That's doable because the previous CL switched to
performing debug calls on a new goroutine, where they are free to grow
the stack.

With this CL, there are no remaining uses of precise register maps
(though we still use the unsafe-point information that's encoded in
the register map PCDATA stream), and stack maps are only used at call
sites.

For #36365.

Change-Id: Ie217b6711f3741ccc437552d8ff88f961a73cee0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/229300


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>