[release-branch.go1.12] cmd/go: avoid link error when -coverpkg covers main packages (more)

This fixes two problems missed in CL 164877.

First, p.Internal.BuildInfo is now part of the cache key. This is
important since p.Internal.BuildInfo causes the build action to
synthesize a new source file, which affects the output.

Second, recompileForTest is always called for test
packages. Previously, it was only called when there were internal test
sources, so the fix in CL 164877 did not apply to packages that only
had external tests.

Fixes #30937

Change-Id: Iac2d7e8914f0313f9ab4222299a866f67889eb2e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/168200


Run-TryBot: Jay Conrod <jayconrod@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit d34548e0)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/168717


Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>