runtime: add GC testing helpers for regabi signature fuzzer

This CL adds a set of helper functions for testing GC interactions.
These are intended for use in the regabi signature fuzzer, but are
generally useful for GC tests, so we make them generally available to
runtime tests.

These provide:

1. An easy way to force stack movement, for testing stack copying.

2. A simple and robust way to check the reachability of a set of
pointers.

3. A way to check what general category of memory a pointer points to,
mostly so tests can make sure they're testing what they mean to.

For #40724, but generally useful.

Change-Id: I15d33ccb3f5a792c0472a19c2cc9a8b4a9356a66
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/305330


Trust: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>