[release-branch.go1.13-security] crypto/x509: respect VerifyOptions.KeyUsages on Windows

When using the platform verifier on Windows (because Roots is nil) we
were always enforcing server auth EKUs if DNSName was set, and none
otherwise. If an application was setting KeyUsages, they were not being
respected.

Started correctly surfacing IncompatibleUsage errors from the system
verifier, as those are the ones applications will see if they are
affected by this change.

Also refactored verify_test.go to make it easier to add tests for this,
and replaced the EKULeaf chain with a new one that doesn't have a SHA-1
signature.

Thanks to Niall Newman for reporting this.

Fixes #39360
Fixes CVE-2020-14039

Change-Id: If5c00d615f2944f7d57007891aae1307f9571c32
Reviewed-on: https://team-review.git.corp.google.com/c/golang/go-private/+/774414


Reviewed-by: Katie Hockman <katiehockman@google.com>
Reviewed-on: https://team-review.git.corp.google.com/c/golang/go-private/+/793509


Reviewed-by: Filippo Valsorda <valsorda@google.com>