cmd/go/internal/trace: add function to distinguish goroutines

trace.StartGoroutine will associate the trace information on the context
with a new chrome profiler thread id. The chrome profiler doesn't
expect multiple trace events to have the same thread id, so this
will allow us to display concurrent events on the trace.

Updates #38714

Change-Id: I888b0cce15a5a01db66366716fdd85bf86c832cd
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/248319


Run-TryBot: Michael Matloob <matloob@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>