[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: merge instance and Named to eliminate sanitization

This is a port of CL 335929 to types2. It differs significantly from
that CL to handle lazy loading, which wasn't tested in go/types.
Additionally, the *Checker field was moved out of instance and back
onto Named. This way we can tell whether a Named type is uninstantiated
simply by checking whether Named.instance is non-nil, which simplified
the code considerably.

Fixes #46151

Change-Id: I617263bcfaa768ac5442213cecad8d567c2749fc
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/336252


Trust: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
Trust: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>