[dev.inline] cmd/internal/src: introduce compact source position representation

XPos is a compact (8 instead of 16 bytes on a 64bit machine) source
position representation. There is a 1:1 correspondence between each
XPos and each regular Pos, translated via a global table.

In some sense this brings back the LineHist, though positions can
track line and column information; there is a O(1) translation
between the representations (no binary search), and the translation
is factored out.

The size increase with the prior change is brought down again and
the compiler speed is in line with the master repo (measured on
the same "quiet" machine as for prior change):

name       old time/op     new time/op     delta
Template       256ms ± 1%      262ms ± 2%    ~             (p=0.063 n=5+4)
Unicode        132ms ± 1%      135ms ± 2%    ~             (p=0.063 n=5+4)
GoTypes        891ms ± 1%      871ms ± 1%  -2.28%          (p=0.016 n=5+4)
Compiler       3.84s ± 2%      3.89s ± 2%    ~             (p=0.413 n=5+4)
MakeBash       47.1s ± 1%      46.2s ± 2%    ~             (p=0.095 n=5+5)

name       old user-ns/op  new user-ns/op  delta
Template        309M ± 1%       314M ± 2%    ~             (p=0.111 n=5+4)
Unicode         165M ± 1%       172M ± 9%    ~             (p=0.151 n=5+5)
GoTypes        1.14G ± 2%      1.12G ± 1%    ~             (p=0.063 n=5+4)
Compiler       5.00G ± 1%      4.96G ± 1%    ~             (p=0.286 n=5+4)

Change-Id: Icc570cc60ab014d8d9af6976f1f961ab8828cc47
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/34506


Run-TryBot: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>