cmd/compile: ignore out-of-bounds reads from readonly constants

Out-of-bounds reads of globals can happen in dead code. For code
like this:

s := "a"
if len(s) == 3 {
   load s[0], s[1], and s[2]
}

The out-of-bounds loads are dead code, but aren't removed yet
when lowering. We need to not panic when compile-time evaluating
those loads. This can only happen for dead code, so the result
doesn't matter.

Fixes #29215

Change-Id: I7fb765766328b9524c6f2a1e6ab8d8edd9875097
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/154057


Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Alberto Donizetti <alb.donizetti@gmail.com>