[release-branch.go1.13] runtime: fix rounding in materializeGCProg

materializeGCProg allocates a temporary buffer for unrolling a GC
program. Unfortunately, when computing the size of the buffer, it
rounds *down* the number of bytes needed to store bitmap before
rounding up the number of pages needed to store those bytes. The fact
that it rounds up to pages usually mitigates the rounding down, but
the type from #37470 exists right on the boundary where this doesn't
work:

type Sequencer struct {
	htable [1 << 17]uint32
	buf    []byte
}

On 64-bit, this GC bitmap is exactly 8 KiB of zeros, followed by three
one bits. Hence, this needs 8193 bytes of storage, but the current
math in materializeGCProg rounds *down* the three one bits to 8192
bytes. Since this is exactly pageSize, the next step of rounding up to
the page size doesn't mitigate this error, and materializeGCProg
allocates a buffer that is one byte too small. runGCProg then writes
one byte past the end of this buffer, causing either a segfault (if
you're lucky!) or memory corruption.

Updates #37470.
Fixes #37483.

Change-Id: Iad24c463c501cd9b1dc1924bc2ad007991a094a0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/224418


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>