cmd/api: use 'go list' to locate transitive dependencies of std

With standard-library modules and vendoring, the mapping from import
path to directory within the standard library is no longer entirely
trivial. Fortunately, 'go list' makes that mapping straightforward to
compute.

Updates #30241
Updates #30228

Change-Id: Iddd77c21a527b7acdb30c17bec8b4bbd43e23756
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/165497


Run-TryBot: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Jay Conrod <jayconrod@google.com>