cmd/compile: pass arguments to convt2E/I integer functions by value

The motivation is avoid generating a pointer to the data being
converted so it can be garbage collected.
The change also slightly reduces binary size by shrinking call sites.

Fixes #24286

Benchmark results:
name                   old time/op  new time/op  delta
ConvT2ESmall-4         2.86ns ± 0%  2.80ns ± 1%  -2.12%  (p=0.000 n=29+28)
ConvT2EUintptr-4       2.88ns ± 1%  2.88ns ± 0%  -0.20%  (p=0.002 n=28+30)
ConvT2ELarge-4         19.6ns ± 0%  20.4ns ± 1%  +4.22%  (p=0.000 n=19+30)
ConvT2ISmall-4         3.01ns ± 0%  2.85ns ± 0%  -5.32%  (p=0.000 n=24+28)
ConvT2IUintptr-4       3.00ns ± 1%  2.87ns ± 0%  -4.44%  (p=0.000 n=29+25)
ConvT2ILarge-4         20.4ns ± 1%  21.3ns ± 1%  +4.41%  (p=0.000 n=30+26)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/16-4  2.84ns ± 1%  2.99ns ± 0%  +5.38%  (p=0.000 n=30+25)
ConvT2Ezero/zero/32-4  2.83ns ± 2%  3.00ns ± 0%  +5.91%  (p=0.004 n=27+3)

Change-Id: I65016ec94c53f97c52113121cab582d0c342b7a8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/102636


Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>