[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: replace types2.Instantiate with Checker.Instantiate

Allow Checker.Instantiate to work with a nil *Checker receiver
(for now). This opens the door to passing in a *Checker at all
times.

Also, added a verify flag to Instantiate, InstantiateLazy, and
instance, to be able to control if constraint satisfaction should
be checked or not.

Removed types2.Instantiate.

For #47103.

Change-Id: Ie00ce41b3e50a0fc4341e013922e5f874276d282
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/333569


Trust: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>