database/sql: use errors.Is when checking ErrBadConn

When drivers return driver.ErrBadConn, no meaningful
information about what the cause of the problem is
returned. Ideally the driver.ErrBadConn would be
always caught with the retry loop, but this is not
always the case. Drivers today must choose between
returning a useful error and use the rety logic.
This allows supporting both.

Fixes #47142

Change-Id: I454573028f041dfdf874eed6c254fb194ccf6d96
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/333949


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Trust: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Trust: Daniel Theophanes <kardianos@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>