cmd/compile: use staticuint64s instead of staticbytes

There are still two places in src/runtime/string.go that use
staticbytes, so we cannot delete it just yet.

There is a new codegen test to verify that the index calculation
is constant-folded, at least on amd64. ppc64, mips[64] and s390x
cannot currently do that.

There is also a new runtime benchmark to ensure that this does not
slow down performance (tested against parent commit):

name                      old time/op  new time/op  delta
ConvT2EByteSized/bool-4   1.07ns ± 1%  1.07ns ± 1%   ~     (p=0.060 n=14+15)
ConvT2EByteSized/uint8-4  1.06ns ± 1%  1.07ns ± 1%   ~     (p=0.095 n=14+15)

Updates #37612

Change-Id: I5ec30738edaa48cda78dfab4a78e24a32fa7fd6a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/221957


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>