cmd/compile: fix CheckSize() calculation for -G=3 and stencils

Because the Align/Width of pointer types are always set when created,
CalcSize() never descends past a pointer. Therefore, we need to do
CheckSize() at every level when creating type. We need to do this for
types creates by types2-to-types1 conversion and also by type
substitution (mostly for stenciling). We also need to do
Defer/ResumeCheckSize() at the top level in each of these cases to deal
with potentially recursive types.

These changes fix issue #47929 and also allow us to remove the
special-case CheckSize() call that causes the problem for issue #47901.

Fixes #47901
Fixes #47929

Change-Id: Icd8192431c145009cd6df2f4ade6db7da0f4dd3e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/344829


Trust: Dan Scales <danscales@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>