cmd/internal/objabi: centralize GOEXPERIMENT parsing

objabi parses GOEXPERIMENT, but most of the consumers look at the raw
GOEXPERIMENT string that objabi gets from the environment. Centralize
this logic by only exposing the parsed GOEXPERIMENT value from objabi.
This sets us up for the next few changes. It also has the nice but
mostly useless property that the order of experiment names will be
canonicalized in build cache hashes.

After this, the only remaining place that looks at raw GOEXPERIMENT is
cmd/dist, which we'll fix in the next CL.

For #40724.

Change-Id: Idb150f848e17c184fae91372ca8b361591472f51
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/302049


Trust: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>