Steps towards tracking scopes for identifiers.

	- Identifiers refer now to the language entity (Object)
	  that they denote. At the moment this is at best an
	  approximation.

	- Initial data structures for language entities (Objects)
          and expression types (Type) independent of the actual
	  type notations.

	- Initial support for declaring and looking up identifiers.

	- Updated various dependent files and added support functions.

	- Extensively tested to avoid breakage. This is an AST change.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev, rog
https://golang.org/cl/189080