Refactor ClassRoot/GetClassRoot().

Move it outside the ClassLinker, into its own header file,
and add retrieval based on a mirror class template argument.
Keep the SetClassRoot() as a private member of ClassLinker.

Make the new GetClassRoot()s return ObjPtr<>.

Test: m test-art-host-gtest
Test: testrunner.py --host --optimizing
Bug: 31113334
Change-Id: Icbc6b62b41f6ffd65b437297a21eadbb0454e2b7